Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the key constituents of Cannabis sativa. In the US, hemp cultivars of cannabis are used to manufacture hemp-based CBD products (containing less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol). CBD has many therapeutic actions that are beneficial for a range of diseases and disorders and is considered relatively safe. Such actions include being anti-inflammatory, anti-psychotic, antioxidant, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-seizure , anticancer and more. There is evidence that its use could be exploited in a range of medical conditions including anxiety, diabetes, epilepsy, psychosis, neurodegenerative conditions, inflammatory bowel disease and other conditions underpinned by inflammation. Unlike THC, it has relatively low affinity for the cannabinoid receptors (part of the endocannabinoid system, ECS), though its effects do rely on the integrity of these receptors. Instead, its actions appear to be predominantly due to activating the ECS indirectly and through interacting with other targets. Full spectrum CBD products (that include other plant nutrients including terpenes) are likely to be more effective than isolates. In Australia, CBD products are expensive and currently only available on prescription, whilst they can be purchased over the counter in the US, UK and other countries at reasonable prices. Future work for the industry may include an application to the TGA to remove hemp-based CBD from the Schedules of the SUSMP entirely, and regulate it as an herbal medicine.