Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) is a pathogenic RNA molecule that can infect Cannabis sativa plants and was recently detected in an Australian Cannabis crop for the first time. The viroid represents a productivity risk to both the medicinal Cannabis and industrial hemp industries, causing significant reductions in yield, as well as cannabinoid and terpene production. HLVd may be transmitted through various methods, including mechanical transmission, seed transmission, water runoff from infected roots and being vectored by insects. The symptoms of HLVd infection are diverse and may include stunting, leaf curling or distortion, yellowing or chlorosis, necrosis of leaf margins or entire leaves, twisting or distortion of stems and leaves, reduced internode lengths and a decline in flower yield and quality. To manage HLVd, recommended strategies include routine molecular testing, removal of infected plant material, implementation of strict hygiene controls, and limiting insect access. To facilitate prompt and efficient disease monitoring, the NSW Department of Primary Industries Plant Health and Diagnostic Services provides confidential molecular testing for HLVd on a fee-for-service basis. A permit is not required to send potentially infected root samples within NSW for diagnostics.